Cara instal dan konfigurasi windows server 2008

To start the DHCP installation process, you can click Add Roles from the Initial Configuration Tasks window or from Server Manager à Roles à Add Roles.

Figure 1: Adding a new Role in Windows Server 2008
When the Add Roles Wizard comes up, you can click Next on that screen.
Next, select that you want to add the DHCP Server Role, and click Next.

Figure 2: Selecting the DHCP Server Role
If you do not have a static IP address assigned on your server, you will get a warning that you should not install DHCP with a dynamic IP address.
At this point, you will begin being prompted for IP network information, scope information, and DNS information. If you only want to install DHCP server with no configured scopes or settings, you can just click Next through these questions and proceed with the installation.
On the other hand, you can optionally configure your DHCP Server during this part of the installation.
In my case, I chose to take this opportunity to configure some basic IP settings and configure my first DHCP Scope.
I was shown my network connection binding and asked to verify it, like this:

Figure 3: Network connection binding
What the wizard is asking is, “what interface do you want to provide DHCP services on?” I took the default and clicked Next.
Next, I entered my Parent Domain, Primary DNS Server, and Alternate DNS Server (as you see below) and clicked Next.

Figure 4: Entering domain and DNS information
I opted NOT to use WINS on my network and I clicked Next.
Then, I was promoted to configure a DHCP scope for the new DHCP Server. I have opted to configure an IP address range of 192.168.1.50-100 to cover the 25+ PC Clients on my local network. To do this, I clicked Add to add a new scope. As you see below, I named the Scope WBC-Local, configured the starting and ending IP addresses of 192.168.1.50-192.168.1.100, subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, default gateway of 192.168.1.1, type of subnet (wired), and activated the scope.

Figure 5: Adding a new DHCP Scope
Back in the Add Scope screen, I clicked Next to add the new scope (once the DHCP Server is installed).
I chose to Disable DHCPv6 stateless mode for this server and clicked Next.
Then, I confirmed my DHCP Installation Selections (on the screen below) and clicked Install.

Figure 6: Confirm Installation Selections
After only a few seconds, the DHCP Server was installed and I saw the window, below:

Figure 7: Windows Server 2008 DHCP Server Installation succeeded
I clicked Close to close the installer window, then moved on to how to manage my new DHCP Server.

How to Manage your new Windows Server 2008 DHCP Server

Like the installation, managing Windows Server 2008 DHCP Server is also easy. Back in my Windows Server 2008 Server Manager, under Roles, I clicked on the new DHCP Server entry.

Figure 8: DHCP Server management in Server Manager
While I cannot manage the DHCP Server scopes and clients from here, what I can do is to manage what events, services, and resources are related to the DHCP Server installation. Thus, this is a good place to go to check the status of the DHCP Server and what events have happened around it.
However, to really configure the DHCP Server and see what clients have obtained IP addresses, I need to go to the DHCP Server MMC. To do this, I went to Start à Administrative Tools à DHCP Server, like this:

Figure 9: Starting the DHCP Server MMC
When expanded out, the MMC offers a lot of features. Here is what it looks like:

Figure 10: The Windows Server 2008 DHCP Server MMC
The DHCP Server MMC offers IPv4 & IPv6 DHCP Server info including all scopes, pools, leases, reservations, scope options, and server options.
If I go into the address pool and the scope options, I can see that the configuration we made when we installed the DHCP Server did, indeed, work. The scope IP address range is there, and so are the DNS Server & default gateway.

Figure 11: DHCP Server Address Pool

Figure 12: DHCP Server Scope Options
So how do we know that this really works if we do not test it? The answer is that we do not. Now, let’s test to make sure it works.

How do we test our Windows Server 2008 DHCP Server?

To test this, I have a Windows Vista PC Client on the same network segment as the Windows Server 2008 DHCP server. To be safe, I have no other devices on this network segment.
I did an IPCONFIG /RELEASE then an IPCONFIG /RENEW and verified that I received an IP address from the new DHCP server, as you can see below:

Figure 13: Vista client received IP address from new DHCP Server
Also, I went to my Windows 2008 Server and verified that the new Vista client was listed as a client on the DHCP server. This did indeed check out, as you can see below:

Figure 14: Win 2008 DHCP Server has the Vista client listed under Address Leases
With that, I knew that I had a working configuration and we are done!

instal dan konfigurasi DNS pada windows server 2008

Install DNS Server in Windows Server 2008

• Launch Server Manager by clicking Start > Administrative Tools > Server Manager. Click Roles and then Add Roles.

• Select DNS Server from the list and then click Next button.

• A little introduction to DNS Server and a few useful links for further details as shown in below image. Click Next to move on.

• Click Install button.

• DNS Server has been installed successfully as per below snapshot. Click Close to finish the Add Roles Wizard.

Creating Forward Lookup Zone

• Launch DNS Manager by clicking Start > Administrative Tools > DNS or type dnsmgmt.msc in Run window (Press Windows Key + R) and press Enter.
• Expand Server (e.g. WIN2008) > Right click Forward Lookup Zones > New Zone which will launch New Zone wizard.
  

•  Click Next on Welcome to the New Zone wizard.

• Since this is our primary DNS Server for the zone select Primary zone. Then move on by clicking Next button.

• Enter the domain name for which you want to create the zone for e.g. gopalthorve.com. Say you want to build up DNS Server for your own Windows Server 2008 based hosting server then enter your registered domain name here otherwise if it is for intranet only it can be anything (domain naming conventions must be followed). The zone can also be created for subdomain e.g. us.gopalthorve.com.

•  Zone File Options:
  • Create a new file with this file name: Enter the physical zone file name where all zone information will be stored for this domain/subdomain. This file will be created under %systemroot%\system32\dns. Follow standard zone file naming convention e.g. gopalthorve.com.dns.
  • Use this existing file: If you already have a zone file for this domain/subdomain then select this option and specify zone file name here. You need to put this zone file under %systemroot%\system32\dns folder

• Dynamic Update: Here you can specify if this DNS zone will accept secure, nonsecure or no dynamic updates from client.
  • Allow only secure dynamic updates (recommended for Active Directory): This is available only for Active Directory integrated zones. This setting allows Active Directory client machines to register their name as resource records pointing towards their dynamic/static IP address.
  • Allow both nonsecure and secure dynamic updates: This should never be enabled because it allows all clients secure and nonsecure both to update from all clients.
  • Do not allow dynamic updates: This should be the preferred setting if you are setting up this zone for your own hosting server. This denies dynamic updates to zone resource records from all client and you will need to change them manually whenever required. We will choose this option and then move on.

 

• Forward lookup zone has been created successfully for gopalthorve.com and shows the summary as in below image. Click Finish to close the New Zone Wizard.

Configure Forward Lookup Zone

• Right click on gopalthorve.com (forward lookup zone recently created) and then click Properties.

• Name Servers: Here we can configure nameservers for the zone gopalthorve.com.
  • Remove the default entry from the list.
  • Click Add… button to add new nameserver record.
  • Tye fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the nameserver for your domain. I am configuring my own live DNS Server and hence I entered ns1.gopalthorve.com.
  • Enter the IP addresses to which ns1.gopalthorve.com will resolve to. I am entering private IP address of my computer here for example purpose only. Please replace it by your Public IP Address allotted by your ISP or dedicated or VPS hosting provider.
  • Similarly create another nameserver record. I created it as ns2.gopalthorve.com pointing to 192.168.0.99 (Please replace it by your Public IP Address allotted by your ISP or dedicated or VPS hosting provider.). Second nameserver record is required because your domain name registrar will require atleast two nameservers for pointing your domain to the DNS server we are configuring. We are configuring both nameservers pointing to the same DNS Server configured with multiple IP Addresses. (ns1.gopalthorve.com >> 192.168.0.98 and ns2.gopalthorve.com >> 192.168.0.99).
  • Click Apply to save changes.

 

• Start of Authority (SOA)
  • Serial number: This is the serial number for the zone. This should be set to YYYYMMDDNN where YYYY is the year, MM is the month, DD is the day and NN is the count is the count indiciating how many times the zone modified on that particular day. Whenever you change zone data occurs this serial number must be incremented by one. When slave nameserver contacts master for zone data it compares its own serial number with master’s serial number and its less than masters serial number then slave nameserver updates its zone data from master.
  • Primary server: This is the FQDN of nameserver which you want to set as primary nameserver for this zone. In my case its ns1.gopalthorve.com.
  • Responsible person: Specify the email address of the administrator who is responsible for maintaining this zone. Here email address must be specified in dotted format e.g. hostmaster@gopalthorve.com must be specified as hostmaster.gopalthorve.com. This is required when other webmasters wants to contact the maintainer of the zone in case of any issues.
  • Refresh interval: This value instructs the slave nameserver how often to check that the data for this zone is up to date. Set this to 1 day if zone doesn’t change frequently. For the DNS server for hosting purpose 1 day is idle.
  • Retry interval: In case slave nameserver failed to connect to master after Refresh interval (in case master is down or unreachable), slave tries to connect to master every interval specified here. Generally Retry interval is shorter than Refresh interval but its not compulsory. Enter 2 hours here.
  • Expires after: If the slave fails to connect master for this much time, the slave expires the zone. Expiring the zone means it slave stops responding to queries for this zone because the zone data that slave is having is very old. Enter 7 days here.
  • Minimum (default) TTL: TTL stands for Time To Leave. This applies to all negative responses from the authoratative nameservers. Enter 1 day here.
  • TTL for this record: TTL for SOA record.
  • Click Apply to save changes.

• Zone Transfers: Zone transfer is the process of transferring entire zone to the requesting server/client. The best practice is to not allow every one to connect and transfer the zones. You can allow only specific server for zone transfers i.e. the slave nameserver for the zone. We can setup to notify the servers if any zone updates happen on this zone.
  • Allow zone transfers: Enables/disables zone transfers.
    • To any server: All server/clients will be allowed to transfer zones. Not recommended.
    • Only to servers listed on the Name Servers tab: Zone transfers will only be allowed to the nameservers specified under Name Servers tab (ns1.gopalthorve.com, ns2.gopalthorve.com). Highly recommended for DNS Servers for web hosting servers.
    • Only to the following servers: If you want to enter IP/FQDN to which zone transfers will be allowed select this option and then click on Edit button and list all IP/FQDN allowed for zone transfers.

• Notify…:
  • Automatically notify: Enables/disables automatic notification of zone changes to either nameserver listed on Nameservers tab or specified IP addresses/FQDN names.
  • Servers listed on the Name Servers tab: Selecting this will only zone update notification will only be sent to nameservers listed under Name Servers tab. This is the recommended setting.
  • The following servers: You can specify list of other name servers to whom you want to send automatic notification of zone updates.

Configure DNS Server Properties

• Open DNS Manager by clicking Start > Administrative Tools > DNS.
• Right Click on the DNS Server for which you want to configure Properties for and click Properties.
• Interfaces: You can configure DNS Server to listen on specific interfaces/IP Addresses or all IP addresses. If the server has multiple interfaces then you can configure DNS Server to listen on specific interface. If the server is having only single interface with multiple IP addresses configured then you can configure it to listen on specific IP addresses. By default it is configured to listen on all interfaces and all IP addresses.

• Forwarders: You can add other DNS Servers provided by your ISP to forward DNS queries to in case this server doesn’t hold zones for the domains. These forwarder addresses are only used recursion is enabled. Forwarders are required if you are having an intranet/extranet DNS server serving a few zones and want to allow same server to resolve other DNS queries too.

•  Advanced: You can configure some advanced aspects of DNS Server here. A very important options I want to discuss here is Disable recursion (also disables forwarders). If you are setting up this DNS server to serve zones for domains hosted on your DNS server (dedicated server, VPS Server, Cloud VPS Server) then enable “Disable recursion” which also disables forwarders, doing this will only allow the zones hosted on this server to be served.

•  Root Hints: This is the list of root name servers.

• Debug Logging: For debugging purpose the debug logs can be enabled from here.

• Event Logging: DNS Server events can be enabled for troubleshooting purpose.

DNS Server listens on TCP and UDP port 53, so make sure to allow traffic on these ports in Windows Firewall. Also make sure that if you are having any router or firewall device and DNS server is behind any of these device, do necessary configuration to allow connection to DNS Server.

Register Name Servers at Domain Name Registrar

If you have a registered domain name and want to host DNS services for the domain on the DNS Server you recently configured then you have to create child name server at your Domain Name Registrar. If you have administrative control of your domain you can do this with the help of your domain name registrar otherwise ask them to do this for you. Create child name server like this:

ns1.gopalthorve.com >> 192.168.0.98

ns2.gopalthorve.com >> 192.168.0.99

Replace private IP addresses with public IP addresses on which DNS Server will listen on.

Update Name Servers at Domain Name Registrar

After creating child name servers you have to update name servers for your domain at Domain Name Registrar. If you have administrative control of your domain you can do this with the help of your domain name registrar otherwise ask them to do this for you. Update name servers as below:

Name Server 1: ns1.gopalthorve.com

Name Server 2: ns2.gopalthorve.com

Langkah instal Ubuntu 12.10 Quantal Quetzal

Ubuntu 12.10 Quantal Quetzal telah resmi dirilis 18 Oktober lalu. Membawa dukungan untuk teknologi terbaru, perangkat dan tentu juga paket-paket yang telah diupdate ke rilis paling baru. Fitur-fitur unggulan termasuk dukungan secure boot telah diadopsi Ubuntu 12.10 dengan disertakannya Grub2 versi 2.0. Unity 6.8 yang berjalan di atas Compiz 0.9.8 menjadi satu-satunya antar muka yang secara default dibundle bersama rilis terbaru Ubuntu.

Menginstal Ubuntu 12.10 tergolong cukup mudah. Semua proses ditangani dengan antar muka garfis Ubiquity yang sangat bersahabat. Hal yang mungkin perlu diperhatikan lebih serius adalah pada proses penyiapan partisi. Pengguna baru yang sebelumnya belum pernah menginstal sistem operasi Linux apapun sebaiknya mencermati dan mempelajari proses pembuatan partisi untuk menghindari risiko kehilangan data atau terhapusnya sistem operasi lain yang sudah diinstal lebih dulu.

Bagi Anda yang belum memiliki installer Ubuntu 12.10 silahkan mendownloadnya melalui halaman download. Proses pemburningan ISO master Ubuntu dapat dipelajari melalui halaman resmi ini, dan bagi yang ingin membuat master melalui USB Flash disk silahkan mempelajarinya melalui halaman ini.

Bagi pemula, backup file-file dan dokumen penting Anda lebih dulu ke media lain  seperti flash disk, HD lain atau CD/DVD. Ini sebagai langkah aman dari risiko kehilangan data jika Anda melakukan kesalahan selama proses instalasi. Perlu diingat, data dan file-file yang Anda hapus selama proses instalasi tidak dapat dikembalikan lagi.

Jika Anda akan menginstal Ubuntu 12.10 bersama sistem operasi lain, pastikan Anda telah memiliki sebuah partisi kosong secukupnya yang sudah tidak berisi data/file penting, meskipun tanpa menyiapkan partisi, Ubuntu dapat diinstal bersama OS lain dengan mode alongside namun pada tutorial ini kami tidak merekomendasikan cara tersebut.

Jalankan Live DVD / Live USB desktop Ubuntu 12.10. Pada layar Welcome silahkan pilih "Try Ubuntu" untuk memastikan apakah Ubuntu dapat berjalan baik pada perangkat yang Anda gunakan...

Anda akan dibawa ke desktop Ubuntu dengan antar muka Unity tanpa proses instalasi. Silahkan Anda nikmati sistem operasi Ubuntu yang dijalankan secara langsung ini, jika sudah yakin ingin menginstalnya ke dalam hardisk, klik ganda pada ikon "Install Ubuntu 12.10" yang terdapat pada desktop...

Pada layar pemilihan bahasa, silahkan pilih bahasa yang akan Anda gunakan atau biarkan dalam pilihan default (english). Tekan tombol "Continue" untuk melanjutkan proses...

Halaman persiapan menginstall Ubuntu akan memeriksa kesiapan perangkat meliputi kapasitas Hardisk dan koneksi internet jika ada...

Pada tahap ini, jika komputer yang Anda gunakan memiliki koneksi internet cukup cepat maka Anda dapat memilih opsi untuk menginstal software-software dari pihak ketiga atau mendownload dan menginstal update jika sudah tersedia. Namun kami tidak menyarankan untuk melakukan hal tersebut karena akan membuat proses instalasi berjalan lebih lama, dan sebaiknya putuskan koneksi internet terlebih dahulu selama proses instalasi...

Tekan tombol "Continue" untuk melanjutkan proses...

Pada layar "Installation type" Ubuntu akan mendeteksi sistem operasi yang sudah ada pada komputer. Pada tutorial ini kami akan menyusun partisi secara manual karenanya silahkan pilih opsi "Something else"...

Susunan partisi pada hardisk akan dibaca, pada contoh ini kami telah memiliki sistem operasi Ubuntu lain pada hardisk dan akan menggantinya dengan Ubuntu 12.10 sehingga kami akan menghapus partisi-partisi lama tersebut. Bagi Anda yang akan menginstal bersama sistem operasi lain maka akan melihat partisi OS tersebut dan juga partisi lain yang sudah ada termasuk partisi yang Anda siapkan untuk instalasi Ubuntu. pada langkah ini berhati-hatilah supaya tidak salah memilih partisi yang akan digunakan karena jika salah meilih maka semua isi partisi tersebut akan dihapus dan tidak dapat dikembalikan lagi.

Pilih dengan hati-hati partisi yang akan digunakan lalu tekan tombol "-" (minus) untuk menghapus partisi sehingga Anda akan memperoleh sebuah "free space"...

Setelah memiliki free space, kini saatnya menyusun partisi Ubuntu 12.10. Pilih pada free space lalu tekan tombol "+" untuk membuat partisi baru. Partisi pertama yang akan kita buat adalah partisi "/". Pada jendela Create partition, tentukan ukuran partisi yang akan dibuat pada opsi "Size:". Ukuran partisi dibuat dalam satuan MB (Mega Byte), pada contoh ini kami membuat partisi dengan ukuran 11000 MB atu sekitar 10 GB, silahkan sesuaikan kapasitas partisi dengan kebutuhan dan kapasitas hardisk yang Anda miliki. Pada ospi "Mount point:" silahkan pilih "/" dalam menu dropdown. Pada opsi-opsi yang lain biarkan pada pilihan default, tekan "OK" untuk membuat partisi "/"...

Pilih kembali pada free space yang masih ada. Partisi kedua yang akan kita buat adalah partisi swap. Tekan tombol "+", pada jendela Create partition, tentukan ukuran partisi yang akan dibuat pada opsi "Size:". Ukuran partisi dibuat dalam satuan MB (Mega Byte), pada contoh ini kami membuat partisi dengan ukuran 1024 MB atu sekitar 1 GB, silahkan sesuaikan kapasitas partisi dengan kebutuhan dan kapasitas hardisk yang Anda miliki. Pada ospi "Use as:" silahkan pilih "swap area" dalam menu dropdown. Pada opsi-opsi yang lain biarkan pada pilihan default, tekan "OK" untuk membuat partisi "Swap"...

Partisi yang akan kita buat berikutnya adalah partisi home. Partisi ini bersifat opsional yang artinya Anda tidak harus membuatnya secara terpisah dengan partisi "/". Namun kami sangat menyarankan Anda memisahkan partisi "/home" dengan partisi "/", ini akan berguna jika suatu saat Anda akan menginstal ulang Ubuntu supaya tidak perlu bersusah payah membackup data dan file-file penting yang ada dalam home. Tekan tombol "+", pada jendela Create partition, tentukan ukuran partisi yang akan dibuat pada opsi "Size:". Ukuran partisi dibuat dalam satuan MB (Mega Byte), pada contoh ini kami membuat partisi dengan ukuran 9451 MB atu sekitar 9 GB atau seberapapun sisa ruang kosong yang masih ada. Pada ospi "Mount point:" silahkan pilih "/home" dalam menu dropdown. Pada opsi-opsi yang lain biarkan pada pilihan default, tekan "OK" untuk membuat partisi "/home"...

Semua partisi yang dibutuhkan sudah siap, tekan tombol "Install Now" untuk memulai proses instalasi Ubuntu 12.10...

Langkah-langkah selanjutnya Anda hanya tinggal menentukan kota tempat tinggal pada halaman "Where are you?", menentukan keyboard layout pada halaman "Keyboard layout" yang sebaiknya biarkan pada pilihan default dan mengisi identitas pribadi Anda pada layar "Who are you?", lihat gambar-gambar berikut untuk lebih jelasnya...

Selesai menentukan semuanya, Anda tinggal menunggu proses instalasi diselesaikan...

Sebuah pemberiatahuan "Installation Complete" menandakan instalasi sudah selesai dan Anda dapat segera merestart komputer...

Komputer akan segera dinyalakan kembali. Jika Anda menginstal Ubuntu bersama sistem operasi lain maka menu grub akan ditampilkan supaya Anda dapat memilih OS apa yang akan Anda jalankan. Pilih "Ubuntu" untuk mejalankan Ubuntu yang baru saja Anda instal. Pada layar login LightDM masukkan password yang sudah Anda buat saat instalasi lalu tekan enter...

Anda akan dibawa ke desktop Ubuntu dan sistem sudah siap digunakan...

Selamat mencoba...